Introduction to EHIC and GHIC
For UK travellers, understanding the difference between the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) and the UK Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) is crucial, especially for those with pre-existing medical conditions. The EHIC was originally introduced to allow UK residents access to state-provided healthcare during temporary visits to countries within the European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland, either for free or at a reduced cost. However, following Brexit, the UK government launched the GHIC as a replacement for most people living in the UK.
The main purpose of both the EHIC and GHIC is to ensure that UK travellers can receive medically necessary treatment during their stay abroad, under the same conditions as local residents. This means you won’t be left out of pocket if you need urgent care while travelling. While both cards offer similar benefits, there are key differences: the EHIC remains valid only in EEA countries and Switzerland until it expires, whereas the GHIC covers healthcare in EU countries but does not extend to Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, or Switzerland. Its important for UK residents to check which card they hold and where it will be accepted before travelling.
Ultimately, both cards are designed to give peace of mind when travelling within Europe by providing access to necessary medical treatment without facing excessive costs—an essential consideration for those managing ongoing health issues or pre-existing conditions.
2. Eligibility and Application Process
The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) and its replacement, the UK Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC), offer UK residents access to necessary state-provided healthcare during temporary stays in the EU, Switzerland (EHIC only), and a few other countries. Understanding who qualifies for these cards and how to apply is particularly important for travellers with pre-existing health conditions, as having the correct documentation can make all the difference in accessing timely medical care abroad.
Who Can Apply?
Eligibility for the EHIC or GHIC depends on residency and nationality status. Generally, you must be:
| Category | Eligibility Criteria |
|---|---|
| UK Residents | You must usually live in the UK and not be insured by another EU country. |
| British Nationals Living Abroad | Certain exceptions apply if you are living in the EU, EEA, or Switzerland; you may be able to apply for a new UK EHIC. |
| Family Members | Dependents of eligible applicants, such as children or partners, can also receive their own card. |
Special Considerations for Pre-existing Conditions
If you have a pre-existing medical condition, you are still entitled to apply for an EHIC or GHIC. These cards ensure that your ongoing treatment needs (for example, kidney dialysis or oxygen therapy) are covered under the same terms as residents of the country you are visiting. However, it is crucial to arrange any necessary treatment in advance with both your UK healthcare provider and the relevant local service abroad.
The Application Process
The application process is straightforward and free of charge. You can apply online via the NHS website or by post if required. The key steps are:
- Gather required documentation: National Insurance number, proof of UK residency (such as a utility bill or bank statement), and details of your NHS registration.
- For those with pre-existing conditions: It’s advisable to have a summary of your medical history from your GP ready, especially if you anticipate needing treatment abroad.
- Complete the online application form or download a paper version from the NHS website.
- Submit your application and await your card by post—usually within two weeks.
Documentation Checklist
| Required Document | Pertains To |
|---|---|
| Proof of identity (passport/driving licence) | All applicants |
| Proof of address (utility bill/bank statement) | UK residents |
| NHS number/National Insurance number | All applicants |
| Medical summary/GP letter (optional but recommended) | Travellers with pre-existing conditions |
Plain English Explanation
If you’re living in the UK and plan to travel to Europe, applying for an EHIC or GHIC is simple. Most people only need their NI number and proof of address. If you’ve got an ongoing health issue, take extra care to get information from your GP about your condition before you go—just in case you need help while away. Don’t forget: applying doesn’t cost anything, so steer clear of websites charging fees!
3. Healthcare Coverage Abroad
When travelling within the European Union (EU) or to countries that have agreements with the UK, the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) and Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) play a crucial role in ensuring access to necessary medical care. These cards provide UK travellers with the right to receive state-provided healthcare on the same terms as local residents in participating countries.
What Treatments Are Covered?
The EHIC and GHIC primarily cover medically necessary treatment during your trip. This includes treatment for illnesses, accidents, or any urgent medical needs that arise while you are abroad. Importantly, this also extends to routine monitoring and ongoing treatment for pre-existing conditions, as long as the care is not the sole reason for your visit.
Pre-existing Conditions: What You Need to Know
If you have a pre-existing medical condition—such as diabetes, asthma, or heart disease—the EHIC/GHIC allows you to access healthcare if you require treatment related to your condition during your stay. For example, if you need insulin for diabetes or an inhaler for asthma while abroad, these treatments will be covered under the same terms as residents of that country. However, it is important to note that the card does not entitle you to travel specifically for planned treatments or procedures; it only covers unplanned or emergency care needed during your trip.
Limitations and Key Considerations
While EHIC/GHIC cover many medically necessary treatments—including those related to pre-existing conditions—there are some limitations. The cards do not cover private healthcare costs, non-urgent planned procedures, or repatriation back to the UK. Additionally, coverage may vary depending on the country’s own healthcare rules and what services are provided free of charge or at a reduced cost. Always check the specific arrangements for your destination before travelling.
4. Limitations and Exclusions
While the EHIC (European Health Insurance Card) and its UK replacement, the GHIC (Global Health Insurance Card), offer important health coverage for UK travellers with pre-existing conditions, it’s crucial to understand their limitations. These cards don’t work as comprehensive travel insurance and have some significant gaps in what they cover. Below is a clear outline of the main exclusions, countries where the card isn’t valid, and critical warnings that all UK travellers—especially those with pre-existing medical needs—should be aware of.
Key Gaps in Coverage
| Treatment/Service | EHIC/GHIC Cover? | Explanation/Warning |
|---|---|---|
| Private Healthcare | No | Only medically necessary treatment under the state system is covered; private clinics or hospitals are excluded. |
| Planned Medical Treatment Abroad | No | You cannot use EHIC/GHIC to travel for pre-arranged treatments; prior authorisation from NHS may be required for some exceptions. |
| Repatriation to UK | No | If you need to return home for treatment, you must cover these costs yourself or via separate travel insurance. |
| Non-Emergency Treatments | Limited | Covers only “medically necessary” care during your stay, not routine or ongoing non-urgent treatments. |
| Travel Delays/Cancellations Due to Illness | No | No compensation for trip interruptions caused by medical issues; travel insurance is needed. |
| Loss/Theft of Medication or Equipment | No | Replacement costs for lost medicines or equipment aren’t covered by EHIC/GHIC. |
| Rescue Services (e.g. mountain rescue) | No | Specialist services like mountain rescue or air ambulance are not included; these can be very expensive without insurance. |
| Dentistry & Eye Care | Limited | Covers emergency dental/eye care only—not routine check-ups or elective procedures. |
Countries Not Covered by EHIC/GHIC
The coverage area for EHIC and GHIC has changed post-Brexit. The following table outlines where each card is accepted:
| Country/Region | Status (2024) |
|---|---|
| EU Member States (e.g., France, Spain, Italy) | Covered by both EHIC and GHIC* |
| Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland** | Not covered by GHIC EHIC may be accepted if issued before Brexit transition period ended and still in date** Norway accepts UK passports for urgent care only. |
| Türkiye, USA, Canada & Rest of World | Not covered at all—travel insurance essential! |
*Some exceptions apply: always check individual country healthcare agreements.
**Check latest government guidance as this may change.
Important Warnings for Travellers with Pre-existing Conditions
- Do Not Rely Solely on Your EHIC/GHIC: These cards do not cover private healthcare or repatriation. Always take out comprehensive travel insurance that specifically covers your pre-existing condition(s).
- Check Medication Rules: Some medications available in the UK may be restricted abroad. Carry a doctor’s letter and enough supply for your entire trip.
- Keeps Copies Safe: Have digital and physical copies of your EHIC/GHIC card, prescription details, and insurance documents in case of loss or theft.
- Know How to Access Care: Learn how to contact local emergency services and the nearest public hospital in your destination country before you travel.
The Bottom Line:
Your EHIC/GHIC card is a valuable safety net but not a replacement for full travel insurance. Travellers with pre-existing conditions should pay special attention to what is—and isn’t—covered to avoid unexpected costs or difficulties abroad. Always double-check coverage details before setting off on your travels.
5. Supplementary Insurance and Practical Tips
While the EHIC or GHIC offers essential access to state-provided healthcare in the EU and certain other countries, it’s important to understand that these cards do not cover every eventuality. For UK travellers—particularly those with pre-existing medical conditions—having additional travel insurance is highly recommended.
Why Additional Travel Insurance Matters
The EHIC/GHIC will only cover treatment that is medically necessary during your trip, and only under the same terms as residents of the country you are visiting. It won’t pay for private medical care, mountain rescue, repatriation to the UK, or lost property. For those with existing health issues, this means that any costs outside basic emergency care could quickly add up. Comprehensive travel insurance provides peace of mind by covering expenses like private treatment, cancellation due to illness, or specialist transport home if needed.
Choosing the Right Policy
When selecting a travel insurance policy, always declare any pre-existing conditions honestly. Failing to do so may invalidate your claim. Look for policies that specifically state they provide cover for your condition, and check any exclusions or excesses closely. Some insurers cater especially for people with chronic illnesses or disabilities, so it’s worth shopping around.
Top Tips for Using Your EHIC/GHIC Abroad
- Carry your card: Always keep your EHIC or GHIC with you when travelling, as you’ll need to show it to receive eligible care.
- Know what’s covered: Familiarise yourself with local healthcare rules before you go—some treatments may incur a charge even with your card.
- Contact local authorities: In case of emergency, use public hospitals or clinics where possible; private facilities are not covered by EHIC/GHIC.
- Keep important numbers handy: Make a note of your insurer’s emergency contact details as well as the nearest British embassy or consulate.
- Bring documentation: If you have complex medical needs, carry a summary from your GP and a list of medications in case you need to seek treatment abroad.
In short, while the EHIC/GHIC is a valuable tool for accessing necessary healthcare while travelling in Europe, it should be viewed as a complement rather than a substitute for comprehensive travel insurance—especially for those managing pre-existing health conditions. Taking simple precautions and being prepared can help ensure that an unexpected medical issue doesn’t turn into a holiday disaster.
6. What To Do in an Emergency
Step-by-Step Guidance for UK Travellers
If you are a UK traveller with a pre-existing condition and find yourself in need of urgent medical attention while abroad, knowing how to use your EHIC (European Health Insurance Card) or GHIC (UK Global Health Insurance Card) can make all the difference. Here’s a practical, step-by-step guide for accessing emergency healthcare and ensuring your card works for you when it matters most.
Step 1: Seek Immediate Help
In an emergency, always prioritise your health. Call the local emergency number (for example, 112 across the EU or 999 in the UK). Make sure to explain your situation clearly, mentioning any pre-existing medical conditions so responders are fully informed.
Step 2: Present Your EHIC/GHIC on Arrival
When you arrive at the hospital or clinic, show your EHIC or GHIC straight away. Let staff know about your pre-existing condition and present any supporting medical documents you have with you—this could speed up care and ensure appropriate treatment.
Step 3: Confirm State Healthcare Access
The EHIC/GHIC covers treatment under the state healthcare system of the country you’re visiting. Double-check that the facility is part of this system—private clinics may not accept your card and could charge you full price.
Step 4: Clarify Coverage for Pre-Existing Conditions
Be upfront about your medical history. The EHIC/GHIC entitles you to medically necessary treatment during your trip, including care related to pre-existing conditions if your health requires it before your planned return home. However, routine check-ups or non-urgent treatments may not be covered.
Step 5: Keep Records and Receipts
If you are asked to pay up front (which can happen in some countries), keep all receipts and paperwork. You may be able to reclaim costs from the NHS upon returning to the UK, provided the treatment was covered under EHIC/GHIC terms.
Step 6: Contact Your Travel Insurer
While EHIC/GHIC offers valuable coverage, it does not replace travel insurance—especially if your pre-existing condition requires more specialised care, repatriation, or private services. Notify your insurer as soon as possible after an emergency; they can offer guidance and additional support where needed.
A Quick Summary for Peace of Mind
Your EHIC/GHIC is a crucial asset if a pre-existing condition flares up during travel, but knowing how to use it ensures you won’t face unnecessary stress or bills. Always carry your card, communicate openly about your health needs, and don’t hesitate to seek help—the system is there to support travellers like you in genuine emergencies.
